Urethral Cancer

Urethral cancer is a rare malignancy affecting the urethra—the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. It can occur in both men and women, though it is more common in men.

The cancer may arise from different cell types, including urothelial, squamous, or glandular cells, depending on the part of the urethra affected. Risk factors include chronic inflammation, previous bladder cancer, HPV infection, and urethral strictures. Symptoms can include blood in the urine, difficulty urinating, a palpable mass, or urethral discharge. Diagnosis involves cystoscopy, imaging (MRI or CT), and biopsy to determine the extent of the disease.

 Surgical Management: Urethrectomy and Reconstruction

Key Points

Treatment for urethral cancer depends on tumour location, size, and spread. In localized cases, a partial urethrectomy may be possible to preserve urinary function. For extensive or invasive tumours, a radical urethrectomy (complete removal of the urethra) may be required, often combined with bladder or penile surgery in advanced cases. In complex cases, open urethrectomy provides the most effective cancer control, allowing for direct access to remove the tumour and reconstruct the urinary system as needed. Reconstruction techniques, such as urinary diversion or neourethra creation, are tailored to each patient’s needs to maintain the best possible function and quality of life.

Key Points